Many materials need to be leveled before use to ensure optimal performance. During the processing stage, leveling is essential to relieve internal stress in the material. The fundamental principle of roller leveling is to selectively extend different portions of the material. Below the material's yield point, the shorter "fiber" sections are elongated proportionally to achieve a uniform "fiber" length throughout the sheet.
During the leveling process, the material passes through the leveling machine and undergoes cyclic alternating upward and downward bending at a small radius of curvature, which stretches the shorter material "fibers." As the sheet moves toward the exit of the leveling machine, the amplitude of the bending gradually decreases to eliminate material deformation caused by the intense bending at the machine's entry point. When all the "fibers" in the material are nearly the same length, the sheet becomes flat — or in other words, it has been "leveled."
During the cold rolling process of strip steel, defects in the rolling mill can also cause certain areas of the material's cross-section to be thinner than others. As a result, the thinner portions become slightly longer than the thicker portions, creating waves in the longer regions. This is detrimental to subsequent processing, making leveling a critically important step.
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